1.Department of Immunology and Clinical Pathology

Chairperson

Professor Eltahir Awad Gasim Khalil, (MBBS,LRCP,MRCS, FRCPath)

eltahirk@iend.org

Members

Professor A. M. El Hassan (DKSM, FRCP, FRCPath, PhD)

Ahmedelhassan@iend.org

Dr. Ahmed Mudawi Musa   (MBBS, PhD)

Amudawi@hotmail.com

Ms Reem B. Sulaiman      (B.V.Sc., M.Sc)

Technical staff

Khamees Abbo Abbas

Mohamed Abd Elrahim

Graduate Students:

Graduated Students:                     Degrees Awarded

Research Projects Concluded:

1.      Autoclaved Leishmania major vaccine in prevention of kala-azar in Sudan. A TDR sponsored Project. (Sponsor: TDR/WHO project ID 950628).

2.      ALUM/Autoclaved Leishmania major vaccine in healthy Sudanese volunteers in Khartoum. (Sponsor: TDR/WHO project ID 980971).

3.      Immunochemotherapy of Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: safety, immunogenecity; possible efficacy. (Sponsor: TDR/WHO project ID A30468).

4.      Alum/Autoclaved Leishmania major in children: an extended Phase II in the eastern Sudan. (Sponsor: Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum).

5.      Tuberculous lymphadenitis: a molecular biological study of aetiological factors. (Sponsor: Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum).

Research in Progress:

1.       Vaccine-linked treatment of persistent Post-Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis. (Sponsor: TDR/WHO)

2.        Induction & maintenance of memory following Alum/ALM + BCG vaccination in healthy volunteers. (Sponsor: Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum).

3.        Developing a protocol for the management of patients with SSG-unresponsive visceral leishmaniasis. (Sponsor: Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum).

4.       Anti-leishmania antibodies and their role in disease dissemination and disease elimination following SSG treatment. (Sponsor: Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum).

5.        The mechanisms of drug unresponsiveness in patients with visceral leishmaniasis: a possible role for antigenic heterogeneity. (Sponsor: Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum).

6.        Anaemia of Visceral leishmaniasis: Possible role for a blunt erythropoietin response. (Sponsor: Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum).

7.        Renal affection in visceral leishmaniasis: finding sensitive markers.

8.       Tuberculous lymphadenitis, clinical, cytological, and microbiological and drug response aspects: towards developing a clinical algorithm to improve patients’ management. (Sponsor: Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum).

9.        The origin of β^s gene haplotypes in the Myssieria tribe of Western Sudan: a moleculo-biological study, towards developing a community-based card/registry scheme for the control of sickle cell disease. (Sponsor: Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum).

10.  The febrile child: towards developing a clinical algorithm to improve patients’ management. Collaborative study with the Central Police Hospital (Waiting for funding).

11.    Molecular epidemiology of multi-drug resistant P.falciparum in Sudan: a GIS approach. (Sponsor: Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum).

12.    Cytogenetic aberrations in cord blood: a look into the future (Waiting for funding).

13.    Diabetes mellitus: Prevalence of specific mutant genes (D76N, C18R and R197H) in Sudanese patients with type II diabetes. Cellular and humoral immune response profiles in Sudanese patients with type II diabetes: matoux test in vitro responses to PPD and MSP-1₁₉. Sero-prevalence of GAD and IA2 auto-antibodies among Sudanese patients with Diabetes mellitus type I. (Private funding).

14.    Haematology: prevalence of inhibitors. Characterization of molecular defects in haemophilic Sudanese patients. BCR-ABL protein, a diagnostic marker in patients with CML: a proteomic approach. (Private funding).

15.  Phenotypes and genotypes of major Sudanese tribes: a study of ethnology. (Sponsor: Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum).

16.  Pregnancy-associated malaria: Prevalence, maternal & neonatal immune responses. Determining residual malaria-specific memory following neonatal malaria. Experimental pregnancy-associated and neonatal malaria, changing malaria vaccination policy. (Private funding).

17.    The role of amodiaquine/Artesunate Vs Chlorquine home management in reducing malaria burden in a cluster of villages along the White Nile. (Sponsor: White Nile State).

18.    PfEMP-1 antigenic variation: a moleculo-proteomic study. (Waiting for funding).

19.    The role of Multiplicity of P.falciparum infection in the development of protective immunity against malaria. (Waiting for funding)

20.    Malaria burden in an area of stable transmission in eastern Sudan:  possible role for Hb S, Hb F levels and G-6-P-D deficiency.  (Sponsor: Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum).

Publications:

1. Khalil EAG, Davidson RN, Nur NM, Zijlstra EE, El Hassan AM. Failure of a combination of Terbinafine and Itraconazole in the treatment of Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in the Sudan.  Transaction of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine ; Hygiene, (1996), 90: 187-188.

2. El Hassan AM, Kadaru AMY, Khalil EAG, Fadl A, El Hassan M. The Pathology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Sudan: a comparison with other geographical areas. Ann.  Trop.  Med.  Parasitol. 1996; 90 (5): 485.

3. El Hassan AM, Hashim FA, Khalil EAG, Kadaru AMY, Ahmed AE, Elturabi H.  Neurologic manifestation of visceral leishmaniasis. (1996). LabMedica International. 13:7-11.

4. Khalil E.A.G., Elhassan AM, Zijlstra EE, Hashim FA, Ibrahim ME, Ghalib HW & Ali MS. (1998).  Treatment of visceral leishmaniasis with sodium stibogluconate in Sudan: management of those who do not respond.  Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology. 92(2): 151-158.

5. Khalil EAG, Hashim FA, Mustafa MD, Kordofani A, Satti M, El Hag IA, Elsafi S, Hag Ali M, Zijlstra EE, El Hassan AM, Ghalib HW, Ali MS.  A comparative study comparing liposomal amphotericin B ( AmBisome ) and sodium stibogluconate in the treatment of kala-azar in the Sudan. East African Med. J.; 1998, 75(8):37-45.

6. Elhassan AM, Khalil E.A.G.,  Elsheikh EA, Zijlstra EE, Osman A. & Ibrahim ME. (1998).  Post Kala-azar ocular leishmaniasis.  Transaction of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, 92:177-179.

7. Saeed AM, Khalil EAG, Elhassan AM, Hashim FM, Elhassan AM, Fandrey J & Jelkman W.  (1998).  Serum erythropoietin concentration in anaemia of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) before and during antimonial therapy.  British Journal of Haematology, 100(4): 720-724.

8. Zijlstra EE, Daifalla NS, Kager PA, Khalil, EAG, Reed SG & Ghalib HW. (1998). rK39 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of leishmania donovani infection.  Clinical & Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology; 5(5): 717-720.

9. Khalil EAG, Elsiddig, KE, Elsafi MEMO, El-Hag, Elkhidir IM, Suleiman G, Hussein AM, Ibrahim ME. & Elhassan A.M (2000).  Supra-sternal tuberculous abscess: a report of three cases; Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg; 94:1-3.

10. Gasim S, Elhassan AM, Kharazmi A, Khalil EAG, Ismail A, Theander TG.(2000). The development of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is associated with acquisition of Leishmania reactivity by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Clin Exp Immunol;119(3):523-529

11. Zijlstra EE, Khalil EAG, Kager P and Elhassan AM. (2000). Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in the Sudan: clinical presentation and differential diagnosis. Br J Dermatol, 143(1):136-43.

12. Khalil EAG, Elhassan AM, Zisltra EE, Mukhtar MM, Ibrahim ME et al. (2000). Safety & Immunogenicity of an autoclaved L.major vaccine. East African Medical Journal, 77(9):468-70.

13. Khalil EAG, El Hassan AM, Zijlstra EE, Mukhtar MM, Ghalib HW, Musa B, Ibrahim ME, Kamil AA, Elsheikh M, Babiker A, Modabber F. Autoclaved Leishmania major vaccine for prevention of visceral leishmaniasis: a randomised, double-blind, BCG-controlled trial in Sudan. Lancet. 2000 Nov 4;356(9241):1565-9.

14. Zijlstra EE, Nur Y, Desjeux P, Khalil EAG, El-Hassan AM, Groen J. (2001). Diagnosing visceral leishmaniasis with the recombinant K39 strip test: experience from the Sudan. Tropical Medicine Inernationat Health;6(2):108-13.

15. Satti IN, Osman HY, Daifalla NS, Younis SA, Khalil EAG, Zijlstra EE, El Hassan AM, Ghalib HW.(2001). Immunogenicity and safety of autoclaved Leishmania major plus BCG vaccine in healthy Sudanese volunteers. Vaccine. 2001 Feb 28;19(15-16):2100-6.

16. El-Hassan AM. & Khalil EAG. (2001). The role of Post Kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in the transmission of leishmania donovani infection. Tropical Medicine & International Health;6(9):743-744.

17. Khalil EAG, Zijlstra EE, Kager PA & El-Hassan AM. (2002).  Epidemiology and clinical manifestations of L.donovani infection in two villages in an endemic area in eastern Sudan. Tropical Medicine & International Health; 7(1):35-44.

18. El-Hassan LA, Khalil EAG & Elhassan AM. (2002). Socio-cultural aspects of leprosy among the Masalit & Hawsa tribes in the Sudan. Leprosy Review; 73(1):20-8.

19. Satti I, El-Hassan AM, Khalil EAG & Akuffo H. (2002). The effect of repeated leishmanin skin testing on the immune responses to Leishmania antigen in healthy volunteers. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Meidicine & Hygiene; 96:565-567.

20. Musa AM, Khalil EAG, Raheem MA, Zijlstra EE, Ibrahim ME, Elhassan IM, Mukhtar MM & El-Hassan AM. (2002). The natural history of Sudanese post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: clinical, immunological prognostic features.  Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology, 96:765-72

21. Zijlstra EE, Musa AM, Khalil EAG, Elhassan IM & El-Hassan AM. (2003). Post Kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Lancet Infectious Diseases; 3:87-98.

22. Elsiddig K.E.; Khalil E.A.G.; Elhag I.A.; Elsafi M.E.M.O.; Suleiman G.M.; Elkhidir I.M.; Hussein A.M.; El-Hassan A.M. (2003). Granulomatous mammary disease: ten years experience with fine needle aspiration cytology. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease,; 7,(4): 365-369

23. Kamil A.A., Khalil E.A.G., Musa A.M., Modabber F., Mukhtar M.M., Ibrahim M.E., Zijlstra E.E., Sacks D., Smith P.G., Zicker F & Elhassan A.M. (2003). Alum-precipitated autoclaved L.major plus BCG, a candidate vaccine for visceral leishmaniasis: safety, skin delayed hypersensitivity response and dose finding in healthy volunteers. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene; 97(3):365–368.

24. Aljafari AS, Khalil EAG, Elsiddig KE, El-Hag IA, Ibrahim ME, Elsafi MEMO, Hussein AM, Elkhidir IM. Suleiman GS. & El-Hassan AM. (2004). Diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis by FNAC, microbiological methods & PCR: a comparative study. Cytopathology, 15: 44-48.

25. Eman H. Khalifa, Babikir G. Kaballo, Salma M. Suleiman, Eltahir A.G.Khalil, Ahmed M.El-Hassan. (2004). Pattern of glomerulonephritis in Sudan: histopathological and immunofluorescence study. Saudi J of Kidney Disease and Transplantation; 15 (2):176-179.

26. Khalil EAG; Nahla B. Ayed; AM Musa; Ibrahim ME.; Mukhtar MM; Zijlstra EE; Elhassan IM; P.G.Smith; PM. Kieny; Ghalib HW; F.Zicker; Modabber F; Elhassan. AM. (2005). Dichotomy of protective cellular immune responses to human visceral leishmaniasis. Clinical & Experimental Immunology 140:349-353.

27. Khalil EAG; El Hassan LAM; Isamil A & El Hassan AM. (2005). Leprosy in an endemic focus in the Sudan. Sudan Journal of Dermatology; 3(2):73-79.

28. Musa AM; Khalil EAG; Mahgoub FA, Elkadaru AMY & El Hassan AM. (2005). Efficacy of Liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) in the treatment of persistent Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL). Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology; 99: 563-569.

29. Musa AM; Khalil EAG; Ismail A; Elhassan IM; Fesharki H; Khamesipour A; Modabber F; Zijlstra EE; & El-Hassan AM. (2005). Safety, immunogenicity and possible efficacy of immunochemotherapy of persistent post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL).  Sudan Journal of Dermatology; 3(2):63-72.

30. E.M. Elamin, S. Guerbouj, A.M. Musa, I. Guizani, E.A.G. Khalil, M.M. Mukhtar, A.M.Y. Elkadaro, H.S. Mohamed, M.E. Ibrahim, M.M. Abdel Hamid, M. El Azhari, A.M. El Hassan. (2005. Uncommon clinical presentations of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sudan.. Transactions of the Royal  Society of  Tropical Medicine & Hygiene; 99:803-808.

31. Ghada Sulaiman; Eltahir A.G. Khalil; Imad A. El-Hag; Kamal E. Elsiddig; Mohamed E.M.O.Elsafi; Alfatih S.A Aljafari; Awatif A. Elnour; Adil M. Hussein; Isam M.Elkhidir & Ahmed M. El-Hassan. Circulating Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis: a possible route of spead. (EAMJ).

32. Khalil EAG; Ahmed Ammar EM; Musa AM; Muna Hussein Abboud. (2006). Antimony-induced cerebellar ataxia: two case reports and review of the literature. SMJ; vol 1.

33. Isamil A, Khalil EAG, Musa AM, ElHassan AM. (2005).The pathogenesis of Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: does ultraviolet (UVB) radiation play a role. (Medical Hypothesis; Dec 2005).

2.Department Of Molecular Biology

Chairperson

Associate Professor Muntaser E. Ibrahim

Members

Professor. Maowia M. Mukhtar

Dr. Hiba Salah Eldin Mohamed                      

Mr. Muzamil Mahdi Abdel Hamid El mahdi

Miss. Sahar Mubarak Bakheit

3.Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology

Chairperson

Associate Professor. Ibrahim  Elhassan

4. Department of Epidemiology, Nutrition and Refugees Health:

Dr. Faiza M. Osman                            

Members:

Professor Ahmed M. Elhassan

     Objectives

1. Organization and teaching Epidemiology , Nutrition and Ethics courses for both undergraduate  and graduate students .

2. Planning, implementation , monitoring and assessment of research in:  health policy and planning , nutrition and epidemiology

3. Contribute to the modification of nutritional policy and epidemiological planning through:

   • Implementation of policy research in nutrition and epidemiology  

   • Consultation and training

   • Provision of research  facilities

   • links and collaborations with academic institutions - policy  makers, donors agencies and provisional societies .

   • Establishment of nutrition and health  services , 

4. Contrbute to the improvement of nutrition and health  In emergencies and complex situation  through:
   • Training
   • Needs assessment activates and consultations
   • Planning and implementation of Policy research